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A Walk Around the Old Westclox Factory, Peru, Illinois

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On Sunday, August 26, my wife Kimberly and I stopped at the old Westclox factory at Peru, Illinois on our way back from my nephew’s wedding in Wisconsin.

The old factory is a huge place, 665,000 square feet on 16 acres of land. Across the street is the 57,000 square foot administration or office building. Westclox ceased operations in Peru in 1980, and the factory complex and office building were offered at auction (with no takers) on May 27, 1981. A number of companies currently occupy various parts of the building, the largest perhaps being Bakery Machinery & Fabrication Company, which has the back lower part of the complex. This part is 5 stories tall and located down the hill from the main part of the building. It still has has the name “Western Clock Co.” in the gable at each end.

The signs of several other companies are shown in the slide show below. Heritage Realty is developing part of the building and also is planning for a Westclox museum.

The pictures in the slide show below start on the east end of the factory and move across to the west end. The administration building across the street is also illustrated. The last picture is an aerial view from Google Earth. I hope to get back to the area soon for a longer visit and to see our friends the Biolchinis and Whitakers.

 

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Westclox Big Ben Chime Alarm Movement Photos

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My son’s chime alarm needed some adjustments, and while the clock was opened up, I thought I’d try some quick close up photos with my digital camera. The camera was mounted on a tripod, manual focusing mode was used, no flash, illuminated by the ceiling and bench fluorescent lights. The self timer was used, to avoid any camera shake caused by pushing the button.

The movement is dated 11 50 (November 1950). It is beautifully nickel plated, as were many Westclox movements. This is the full image, resized from 3072 by 2304 pixels to 500 by 375 pixels for web display. It was sharpened with the Photoshop unsharp mask filter and displayed here at 40% JPEG quality:
Chime Alarm Movement

 

500 by 500 pixel portion of the image, converted to 40% JPEG quality in Photoshop:Chime Alarm Movement

Same as above with unsharp mask filter:Chime Alarm Movement

500 by 400 pixel portion of the image showing balance and spring, pallet fork and escape wheel:Chime Alarm Movement
Note: for better pictures a setup with floodlights and reflectors can be used. These photos show how good the photos can be using a very quick setup.

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New Baby Ben Alarm Clocks Have Lost Their “Soul”

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When the Big Ben alarm clock was introduced in 1908, one of its important features was that the entire back of the case was the bell. This made the alarm ring louder and deeper than other alarm clocks of the time, which had a small bell on the top. When the Baby Ben alarm came out in 1910, it shared this feature of having the entire back as the bell. Until recently, all windup Big Bens and Baby Bens had this back bell.

Current production Baby Bens (made in China) have a small movement with a small internal bell. The back of the clock is PLASTIC, so obviously, it cannot be used as a bell!

Below is a slide show of a Baby Ben I purchased at Wal-Mart on March 8, 2008 for $7.97. It has a blue dial and back, and a silver color metal bezel and base. This shape of case is a reproduction of the style 8 Bens which were made from 1964 to 1981. The hands are luminous but the numerals are not. These new ones can be distinguished from the originals by having a plastic back and being made in China.

The movement has plastic gears for the center wheel through escape wheel, a plastic pallet assembly, and a plastic alarm escape wheel. The movement is labeled

NO(0) JEWELS
UNADJUSTED
SAILING.CHINA

The instruction sheet gives the following warranty:

Limited One-Year Warranty

Salton, Inc. warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of original purchase. This warranty covers only the original purchaser of the product. Salton’s obligation to satisfy the warranty is limited to either of the following actions, at Salton’s option: repair the product or replace it. To receive the benefit of this warranty, you must send the product together with this warranty (marked with the retailer’s name and address and date of purchase) to:

Attn: Repair Center
Salton, Inc.
708 South Missouri Street
Macon, MO 63552
(800) 919-3101

Salton makes no other warranties, either express or implied except as set forth in this express warranty. To the extent that any Federal or state law creates an implied warranty for this product , the implied warranty is limited to one year from the date of original purchase. Salton is not liable for any incidental, direct or consequential damages or loss whether arising by contract or otherwise. Some states in the U.S.A. do not permit the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations and exclusions my not apply to you. A consumer may have additional remedies granted by law. The warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights that vary from state to state.

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Westclox Big Ben and Baby Ben Identification Guide

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In 1984, my friend Richard Tjarks and I published the “Westclox Big Ben and Baby Ben Identification Guide” to go along with the display of Westclox clocks and watches at the NAWCC National Convention in Indianapolis.

I have added recent research findings and more material to the guide, and it is available for download in PDF form. It is available free of charge, although donations are welcome! Jeff Wood and I are continuing our Westclox research. Jeff is particularly interested in early baby Ben and Big Ben history, while I am putting together general information about Big Ben and Baby Ben variations.

Download the ID Guide (PDF)


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The Westclox Factory in Scotland

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An article about the Westclox factory in Scotland was just added to the ClockHistory.com web site. This factory produced over 50 million clocks in its lifetime. Many of these clocks are still around today, and can easily be found on Internet auction sites.

See the article

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1919 Westclox Parts and Repair Manual

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In 1919, Westclox (Western Clock Company) published a parts and repair manual called “First Aid for injured Westclox.” I have only a fair photocopy of this manual, but hope to buy or borrow an original for scanning someday. For now, we have put only the general information and repair text on the ClockHistory.com web site. Some useful repair tips are included.

If you can loan or sell me an original copy, please let me know, as I would like to scan the entire manual and make it available as a PDF file. The manual includes parts lists for America, America – 1918 Model, Alternating, Baby Ben, Big Ben, Big Ben – 1918 Model, Bingo, Ironclad, LaSallita, Lookout, Sleep-Meter, Bunkie, Pocket Ben, Luminous Dials, Two-Inch Movement, and addendum listing interchangeable parts. Thanks!

Note: there was also a 1950 version of “First Aid for injured Westclox” which is more common, and I hope to post excerpts from it on ClockHistory.com.

See First Aid for injured Westclox on ClockHistory.com

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Westclox History Summary Added to ClockHistory.com

Massive Fire at Former Westclox Plant in Peru, Illinois

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The fire started shortly before the new year, and two teenagers were charged with arson.

Peru assistant fire chief Jim Duncan said the middle building portion of the Westclox complex was fully engulfed when firefighters arrived. “The fire was just out of control when we found it,” Duncan said. As Duncan explained, the Westclox complex includes three buildings, with some separation between each. Those small distances — and a firewall — helped firefighters contain the blaze to the building in which it originated. Duncan said businesses including Bakery Machinery and Fabrication, in the southernmost building, as well as those visible from U.S. 6 — including a bridal shop, a photographer, a salon, Curves and Total Environmental Service Technologies — were spared damage from the flames, though they may have smoke damage.

The News Tribune

My wife and I photographed the outside in 2007, does anyone have more photos, especially of the inside, that I may display on my ClockHistory.com web site?

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Satellite View of Old Westclox Factory, Peru, Illinois

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Yesterday, the old Westclox factory in Peru, Illinois was partly destroyed by fire (see Massive Fire at Former Westclox Plant in Peru, Illinois). Google Earth has a nice view of the old factory, and I saved this image before it gets updated.

North is at the top of this image. The factory covers 4 city blocks from east to west.. Just across the street (north)  from the factory is the old Westclox administration building (just above the yellow marker).

I don’t know how much of the factory survived the fire. For a view of the outside from 4 years ago, see my post A Walk Around the Old Westclox Factory, Peru, Illinois.

 

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Baby Ben Style 7 Alarm Clock Made in October 1976

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For years, we thought that the style 7 Big Ben and Baby Ben alarm clocks were made from 1956 – 1964. We now know that the style 7 Baby Ben windup was revived ca. 1976. Here are photos of an example dated 10 76 (October 1976) on the movement, in its original box with instructions.

Front of clock Rear of clock Front of box

Here is how to identify this late style 7 Baby Ben:

  • The base is plastic, with number 58056 on the bottom. It is the same as the plastic base used on late style 8 Baby Ben alarm clocks.
  • The bezel has a matte or sand blasted finish.
  • The key and knobs are plastic.
  • The minute hand does not have a metal cap in the center.

This clock has been seen in boxes labeled “Special Baby Ben Buy!” It uses the aluminum movement that late style 8 clocks use.

See more pictures.

 

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Golden Novelty Company Cast Front Clock, 1885 Patent, Cherub and Flowers

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Here is an early example of a Westclox clock, made while the company name was “The Western Clock Mfg. Co.” This clock was made around 1890.

The movement and its canister were made by ”The Western Clock Mfg. Co.”, and the Golden Novelty Mfg. Co. made the cast case front and marketed the clock.

IMG_4936 Name on case IMG_4983

The movement is one-day with lever escapement. The Western Clock Mfg. Co. had a patented process where parts of the movement are cast from a lead alloy that holds the steel and brass acting parts together. In this early movement, the following parts are made of the lead alloy:

  • Pillars,
  • gear arbor bodies,
  • hour wheel pipe,
  • balance rim and hub,
  • body of pallet fork,

The pallets are hardened steel of 4-sided cross section, and the escape wheel has club teeth.

See more photos.

The case is cast iron, well polished and copper plated. The dial is paper, with a flat glass over it. The brass back of the movement canister has the September 22, 1885 patent date. Charles Stahlberg’s patent of Sept. 22, 1885 describes the basic process used to make United Clock Co., Western Clock Mfg. Co., Western Clock Co. and Westclox clocks. To make a wheel and pinion assembly, steel pinion and pivot wires and the brass wheel were held together in a jig while a molten lead alloy was poured in. Then the lead alloy solidified, holding the steel and brass parts firmly in place.

Repair job 6065. 6 bushings, polished 2 pivots.

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Early Westclox Big Ben Alarm Clock, Dated July 3, 1909

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Here is an early Big Ben alarm clock, made during the second year of preliminary production. The movement has the date code 7 3 9 (July 3, 1909). This is a Style 1 (leg model) Big Ben.

The dial has the early form of hands and numerals (note especially the 7). The words “BIG BEN” are red, and located above the dial center. “MADE IN U.S.A.” is below the center (instead of the usual place below the “6″).

IMG_4842IMG_4913IMG_4762

 

The nickel plating on the bell-back must have been thin, as it is gone, exposing the copper. There is a shallow groove around the front lip of the bezel.

The following patent dates are on the back, arranged in two concentric circles:

  • October 28, 1902
  • May 15, 1906
  • June 9, 1908
  • November 17, 1908
  • December 15, 1908

Here are some of the other early features of this clock (see my Picasa web album of photos):

  • Early form of repeat lever, riveted to a steel stud inside the front plate, with a brass tension spring,
  • Time barrel not removable from back plate,
  • No retainer for the alarm mainspring,
  • Deep teeth on repeat cam on third wheel,
  • Patent dates arranged in circular form near regulator slot,
  • Rounded key handles,
  • Keys have brass shanks, not nickel-plated,
  • Brass knobs, not nickel-plated.

Repair job 5991. Installed 2 bushings (third wheel), turned and polished the second wheel pivots (were very rough from the factory), sharpened balance pivots.

Oiling chart:

  • First wheel pivots: Keystone mainspring oil
  • Second through 4th wheel pivots: Castrol 5W-30 synthetic motor oil,
  • Escape wheel pivots: Moebius Synt-A-Lube
  • Pallet pivots: no oil
  • Escape wheel teeth: Moebius 9415
  • Balance pivots: Moebius Synt-A-Lube
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Two More Reproduction Baby Ben Dials Available: Style 2 and Style 4

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I just added 2 dials to my online dial catalog (I made these 2 dials some years ago but just realized I had a stash of them and hadn’t put them in the catalog).

The first is the white Baby Ben DeLuxe dial for the nickel style 2 made from 1927 to 1930 (starting in 1930 the dials no longer said “DeLuxe”). This dial is available from my online dials catalog.

 Baby2.1.1_500

 

 

The second dial is for the first style 4 Baby Ben alarm clocks, made from 1934 – 1936, that say “Made by Western Clock Co.” at the bottom. This dial is available from my online dials catalog.

Baby4.1.1_500

My Westclox Story

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When I was a boy and stayed overnight at my Grammy and Granddaddy’s house, they put a Baby Ben alarm clock by my bed (not to wake me in the morning, but because I liked clocks). I looked at the dial and saw the name, Westclox. “That doesn’t sound like a real word”, I thought, and later learned that Westclox is an abbreviation for Western Clocks, and that one of the company’s former names was Western Clock Company.

IMG_8199

Style 5 Baby Ben my Grammy let me use

On later visits, my grandparents let me use a Big Ben Chime Alarm, whose alarm first does a gentle ding – - – - ding – ding, then rings faster if not shut off in a minute or so. It was fun to wait for the alarm to ring when I was already awake!

IMG_8201

My Grammy’s Style 6 Big Ben Chime Alarm.

I visited my Great Aunt Marion in Washington, DC when I was 13 (August 1968), and her neighbor gave me a Baby Ben Style 5. I did some tinkering and got it to work.

My mom and I were at an antique show in Lansing, Michigan in March 1969. I had my tweezers with me so I could check pocket watches for broken balance staffs. As I started to examine a watch, a lady told me “Careful! I don’t want my watch all tweezed up!” That day we bought three clocks for $5: A crackle pink Baby Ben Style 2, a small German time-only clock, and a miniature Sessions tambour.

IMG_8207

Three clocks I bought when I was 13 years old. On the right is a pink crackle finish Baby Ben Style 2. Note: Crackle finish Baby Bens usually have a gold dial, but this early example has a white dial. The base is a pot metal casting and is disintegrating.

In April when I turned 14, my parents gave me the book “A Treasury of American Clocks” by Brooks Palmer. In the “Alarms” section I found a picture of Westclox Baby Bens. The caption said, “Illustration shows what are believed to be the various case forms”. I thought, “I have two Baby Bens now, all I need are five more and I’ll have them all!”

TAC Baby Ben photo - p. 307

Baby Ben illustration in Brook’s Palmer’s book, “A Treasury of American Clocks”, p. 307. It shows seven of the eight styles that were available then.

A few months later, when Grammy found out that I was collecting Baby Bens, she gave me one of her style 5 Baby Bens.

In July, a friend and I went around to our neighbors’ houses asking for old things they didn’t want. Chris asked for old radios, tape recorders, etc. because he liked to “take them to bits.” I asked for old clocks, and received several Style 7 Baby Bens including one made in Canada.

IMG_8222

Style 7 Baby Ben

My mother’s side of the family had a cottage near Saugatuck, Michigan. The downtown was full of antique stores. In August 1969 we were in Holland (12 miles from Saugatuck) and I found a Style 3 Baby Ben in an antique store. That was pretty exciting because that model wasn’t shown in the photo in Palmer’s book, so I thought I had made a great discovery!

IMG_8214

Style 3 Baby Ben

A month later while visiting Aunt Marion, I found a Style 4 Baby Ben at a used furniture store.

IMG_8220

Style 4 Baby Ben

Every February, the Lansing area Kiwanis Clubs held a huge rummage sale as a fundraiser. It was BIG; it filled the National Guard Armory, and lasted for five days. I looked forward to it every year for the possibility of finding clocks, watches and other interesting things. One year I bought 10 Marchant mechanical calculators for $1 each. I thought they were great! My dad thought I was crazy but helped me load them into the car. They must have weighed 30 pounds each!

At the February 1970 rummage sale (when I was 14) I bought my first Big Ben, a Style 7 with radial numerals made in 1957. It had slight dial damage, but wasn’t bad for 50¢! From then on, I looked for both Big Ben and Baby Ben alarms.

IMG_8211

Style 7 Big Ben (my first Big Ben)

One day, Grammy was winding the Chime Alarm, and the time key “felt like it peeled away” as she put it. I took the clock apart and the time main wheel shaft body was broken in half. “I’ll solder it together!” I said. The body of the arbor melted and fell apart! That was my first experience with the lead alloy used in Westclox gears. I found a junk clock to get another part from, and the clock is still working today.

By 1976 I had 26 Baby Ben and Big Ben alarm clocks in my collection.

1976 My Baby Bens

My Ben collection in 1976 (when I was 21).

I graduated from Michigan Tech and settled in Indianapolis in January 1979. I went to the Marion County Public Library and found the first Baby Ben advertisement in the September 25, 1915 Saturday Evening Post.

The first "baby Ben" alarm clock advertisement

The first “baby Ben” alarm clock advertisement appeared on page 1 of the September 25, 1915 Saturday Evening Post

I joined the NAWCC (National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors) in 1977 and found their regional conventions (and later, the local chapter meetings) to be a great source for clocks, and a place to meet wonderful people. In 1980 I met Richard Tjarks, who gave a Westclox a program at the 1980 Mid-America Regional. Richard and I became best friends. I saw the name Jeffrey Wood in the NAWCC Mart around 1978. Jeff was looking for a rare early “baby Ben”, and is still researching early “baby Bens” and other things. Richard and Jeff were my earliest Westclox collaborators. Many people have helped over the years and are still helping. I’ve tried to list everyone who has helped on my contributors page.

I’ll end this story here, for there is too much to tell in one blog post.

Note: I give style numbers (Style 2, etc) in the story above, because they are commonly used now. At the time I collected these clocks, I referred to them by model number, as we didn’t use Style numbers until the 1980s.

For details on dates of Big Ben and Baby Ben alarm clocks, see History of Westclox Big Ben and Baby Ben Alarm Clocks and Related Clocks.

Winding Keys on Westclox Big Ben Leg Model Alarm Clocks

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I was sorting Westclox parts in my clock shop, and came across 2 plastic bags labeled: “Rare, pinched Big Ben Style 1a Keys” and “Early Style 1 Big Ben Keys”. This motivated me to write about the development of the Big Ben winding key.

First, here are 2 examples of the Big Ben leg model (note – there are many variation in the dials):

Big Ben Style 1 leg model.

Big Ben Style 1 leg model. It has three screws in front, and the legs are riveted on.

Big Ben Style 1a leg model.

Big Ben Style 1a leg model. There are no screws in front, and the legs screw on.

Rear of Big Ben Style 1a, showing the keys.

Rear of Big Ben Style 1a, showing the keys.

When the Big Ben was first made in 1908, the keys looked like this:

IMG_9901

Early Big Ben keys (1908 – 1910)

IMG_9900

Early Big Ben keys (1908 – 1910)

Starting in 1910, the key shanks were nickel plated:

Early Big Ben keys (1910 - 1911)

Early Big Ben keys (1910 – 1911)

Early Big Ben keys (1910 - 1911)

Early Big Ben keys (1910 – 1911)

The handle shape was updated in the first half of 1911:

IMG_9905

Standard Big Ben keys (starting in 1911)

IMG_9904

Standard Big Ben keys (starting in 1911)

They reduced the shank diameter in the teens, but the shape of the handle stayed like this through the end of the leg model in 1935). The style 4a Loud Alarm (1935 – 1939) and 5a (1939 – 1946) Loud Alarm had the same key handle shape. Thus, this style of key was used for about 35 years!

There are variations in the handle. The earlier ones have a round bottom, later changed to a flattened bottom. Since millions of these keys were made, there are undoubtedly more variations.

Now, we need to talk about the Baby Ben Style 1 (leg model) for a moment. The first Baby Ben keys (style 1, introduced in 1912) were a small version of the key shown above.

N. T. Mills received a patent for the “pinched” or “closed” key on November 9, 1920:

Pat. 1358457

Patent No. 1358457, filed June 15, 1920 and issued November 9, 1920.

The patent drawings show that with the old type of key, the winder’s thumbnail may contact the time set knob accidentally. The closed or pinched key provides more clearance between the key and the set knob.

Baby Ben alarm clocks started using the closed key in 1920. The Big Ben kept on using the open key . . . except that a few Big Ben have closed keys:

IMG_9902

“Closed” or “pinched” Big Ben key, ca. 1920

IMG_9906

“Closed” or “pinched” Big Ben key, ca. 1920

We don’t know for how long the Big Ben had the closed key. If you have one, please let me know!

We also don’t know why Westclox kept the open key for the Big Ben.


Westclox Museum, Peru Illinois

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There is a new Westclox Museum in Peru, Illinois. It is housed in the former Westclox factory at 350 5th Street. My friends Cheryl and Gary Biolchini and I visited on October 31st. Even though the museum has been open only since last February, the founders and dedicated volunteers have gathered a wonderful selection of clocks, watches, tools, photos, historical documents, etc., with more being added all the time.

The museum has a website and a Facebook Group.

Below are some of the many items on display. Besides artifacts, they are gathering stories and information on those that worked at Westclox. It will be well worth your while to visit, and they are open several days per week (they might have reduced hours during the winter). Their website gives the hours they are open to the public.

Factory layout

Factory layout

Wall clocks

Wall clocks

How a watch case was made is shown in the left of the display. Don Sprayer explained how the brand rod at the top is hot forged into the rough case, cut out and finished. Diamond turning gives a polished surface, then the case is nickel plated if desired.

The display on the shows the making of a watch case. Don Spayer explained how the brass rod at the top is hot forged into the rough case, cut out and finished. Diamond turning gives a polished surface, then the case is nickel plated if desired.

IMG_5188

Watches

Watches

IMG_5178 IMG_5179 IMG_5182 IMG_5185 IMG_5180

Lolly (children's clocks) and misc Westclox clocks.

Lolly (children’s clocks) and misc Westclox clocks.

IMG_5112

Big Ben, Ironclad, Ironsides, etc.

IMG_5176


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The Westclox “Alternating” and “Bunkie” Repeating Alarm Clocks

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An intermittent or repeating alarm clock rings and stops periodically instead of ringing steadily. Several American clock companies introduced them in the 1900s.

Westclox introduced the “Alternating” alarm clock in 1904, and applied for a patent in 1906. The U.S. Patent Office issued the patent on June 4, 1907. Quoting from it “My invention relates to an improvement in ‘repeating alarm clocks,’ wherein after the alarm has tripped in the usual manner employed in ordinary alarm clocks, the alarm is sounded intermittently and thus made more effective, as it is shown by experience that it is the starting of the alarm and not the continuous ringing which awakens the sleeper.”

Below are the patent’s illustrations:

The third wheel has a brass sheet metal cam that pushes up and then releases the brass repeat spring (part 9) to start and stop the alarm ringing. Quoting from the patent:

“On the shaft of third wheel 5 is fastened a cam 6, which has a series of tripping points 7 pressed out of the side of its periphery as shown in figures III and IV. These tripping points 7 engage with a projection 8 of a spring 9, one end of which is fastened to the front movement plate 1 by means of the pillar screw 24. The other end 10 of spring 9 is formed into a projection from said spring 9 which moves into the path of the hammer lock 11 and locks same whenever the projection 8 from said spring 9 passes between the tripping points 7 of the cam 6. Said projection 10 of spring 9 is out of the path of the hammer lock 11, leaving the hammer 14 free to vibrate whenever projection 8 of said spring 9 is riding on the tripping points, or the parts of the cam lobes 7 which lie in the plane of the cam 6.”

The first drawing shows alarm escape wheel (part 15) to the left of the movement plates (not within the plates)! The movement photo below shows that the clock was actually made this way, with a riveted extension on the front and back plates to hold the alarm escape wheel. By doing this, standard production movement plates did not need much, if any, change.

The repeat cam on the 3rd wheel pushes a projection on the repeat spring, moving the projection on the left end of the repeat spring away from the hammer lock, to let the alarm ring.

The alarm mainspring is open (no barrel), contrary to most Westclox clocks of the time. The time gears, spring click, mainspring, balance, etc. are just like an America alarm clock of the same period. Westclox discontinued the Alternating alarm clock in 1920.

See more photos of an Alternating.

The famous Big Ben alarm clock, developed in 1908 and introduced to the market in 1910, has a more refined intermittent mechanism, and its alarm has a “Steady” and “Repeat” mode. A patent issued November 17, 1908 covers the Big Ben movement including its repeat mechanism. A patent issued May 24, 1910 shows an improved repeat mechanism. The repeat lever design evolved in the first several years of Big Ben production.

Bingo style 1, made from 1914 to 1923, is a cost reduced Big Ben with the same overall appearance, but slightly smaller. Its movement is rear-mounting like the Big Ben style 1a, and the dial has numerals like the very early Big Ben style (notice the backwards curve on the numeral 7). The legs are double hexagon like the first Big Ben style 1a clocks. The alarm is always in “Repeat” mode.

See more photos of a Bingo Style 1.

Baby Ben Style 1 (1912 to 1930) and Style 2 (1927 to 1932) are repeating alarm clocks and have “Repeat” and “steady” modes.

See my Big Ben and Baby Ben Identification Guide for more information.

The Westclox Sleep Meter Intermittent (1914 to 1920) and Westclox Bunkie (1920 to 1925) are repeating alarm clocks. (Sleep Meter Intermittent received the new name Bunkie in 1920). The movement has a solid back plate (no removable mainspring barrels) to cut cost compared to the Big Ben movement. The case is seamless nickel-plated brass.

A winding barrel like Big Ben’s time barrel encloses the alarm mainspring and time mainspring of the Bunkie and Sleep Meter Intermittent. The repeat cam is like that of a Big Ben, the pivoted repeat lever is similar to a Big Ben’s. As the third wheel rotates, its cam pushes on a pin on the repeat lever, raising it. The other end of the lever moves out of the path of a tail on the alarm hammer, allowing the alarm to ring. When the third wheel rotates further and the pin falls off a point on the cam, the repeat lever blocks the tail of the alarm hammer.

See more photos of a Bunkie.

This has been an overview of the first Westclox repeating or intermittent alarm clocks. The intermittent feature continues in the Big Ben “Loud Alarm” (1935 and on), but the alarm is always in “Repeat” mode. Westclox discontinued making the Loud Alarm in 1956. In the 1970s Westclox made Style 8 Big Ben Repeater and Baby Ben Repeater alarm clocks.

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The Name “Westclox” on Alarm Clock Dials up to 1930

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Introduction

The clock company Westclox started in 1885 as United Clock Company, reorganized as Western Clock Company in 1887; became The Western Clock Mfg. Co. in 1888; and in 1912 became the shorter Western Clock Company. Trademark 108232 of 1916 registers the name Westclox (short for Western Clocks) and states “The trade mark has been continuously used in the business of said corporation since the month of November 1909”. Westclox became the company’s name in 1936 (officially Westclox Division of General Time Corporation).

Summary

Early clocks don’t have the name Westclox on them. Some clocks starting late 1909 or during the year 1910 say Westclox on the back. From 1911 to 1913 a relatively few dials say Westclox in small  lettering at the bottom. Starting in 1917, clock faces conspicuously say Westclox above the model name, first appearing in italics; changing to Roman font in 1924, with a tail added to the “x” in 1928.

Details

The oldest Big Ben and Baby Ben dials don’t say Westclox, here are two examples:

A few Big Ben dials made around 1911 through 1913 have Westclox at the bottom in small lettering:

Here’s an Ironclad from 1913 with Westclox at the bottom of the dial:

In 1917, the name Westclox appeared on the dial in italics above the model name:

Starting in 1923, Westclox was in a Roman font:

Finally, starting in 1928, the “x” in Westclox has a tail:

My clock history database shows more Big Ben and Baby Ben dial variations.

Conclusion

You can tell the approximate date of a ca. 1910 to 1930 Westclox clock by the name Westclox on the dial. Ironclad, Sleep Meter, America, and other popular Westclox clocks of this period, and pocket watches, follow the same progression in the name Westclox.

  • Up through 1916: Model name by itself on dial;
  • 1917 – 1923: Westclox in italics above model name;
  • 1923 – 1927: Westclox in Roman font above model name;
  • Starting in 1928: As above with a tail on the “x”.

Note: Westclox appeared on the back of Big Ben from late 1910 up until moved to the dial. I’ll show examples of this in a future post. Baby Ben clocks said Westclox on the back from their beginning in 1912, up to 1917. Some ca. 1913 – 1915 Ironclad have Westclox on the back. Other alarms also say Westclox on the back during the 1910 to 1916 period. The Westclox trademark registration of 1916 states that Westclox was first used starting November 1909, but I don’t recall seeing it that early – I’ll keep looking.

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1942 Photo of Alarm Clocks in Jewelry Store

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Paul Hogroian of Duplication Services at the Library of Congress sent me this 1942 photo that he scanned. It shows Mr. H. Ormand, jeweler in San Leandro, California, and his Westclox, Seth Thomas and Telechron clocks. Some of my favorite vintage clocks are here!

Mr. Ormand is holding a Westclox “Tide” windup alarm clock in a tan case. Westclox made this model from 1939 to 1941. Five Baby Ben style 5 alarm clocks and one Big Ben style 5 alarm clock are in this picture. Two “Shelby” style 1 are here, some “Bingo” style 2, and two partial views of the “Hustler”, not often seen (on the top, partially visible shelf).

1942 photo of Mr. H. Ormand, jeweler in San Leandro, California, holding a tan Westclox “Tide” windup alarm clock.

Clocks in the Picture

Partially visible top shelf

Westclox Hustler style 1, Bingo style 2, Shelby style 1 brown, Bingo style 2, Bingo style 2, Hustler style 1, Bingo style 2, Bingo style 2.

Top shelf

I like the look of short clock, tall clock, etc. on this shelf. Note there are four identical ivory Baby Ben alarm (perhaps it was a best seller)!

Westclox Baby Ben style 5 ivory plain, Telechron “Attendant” brown 7H85 electric alarm clock, Baby Ben style 5 ivory plain, Telechron “Attendant” ivory 7H85, Baby Ben style 5 gun metal luminous, Telechron  “Attendant” brown 7H85, Baby Ben style 5 ivory plain, Big Ben style 5 Loud Alarm gun metal plain, Baby Ben style 5 ivory plain, Westclox Shelby style 1 ivory.

Second shelf

(Clock half shown) Seth Thomas “Vesta” electric time-only clock, Telechron “Fort” 5H61 electric time-only, Telechron “Resolute” 3H85, Telechron “Satellite” 5H59 time only clock with mirror in the center, Telechron “Melbourne” 3H83, Telechron “Embassy” 4F67, Thomas Deft-2.

Third shelf

(Clock half shown) Telechron “Supervisor” 7H107, Telechron “Secretary” 7H91, Telechron “New Telalarm” 7H93, Westclox “Andover”, Telechron “Secretary” 7H91, Telechron “Semester” CH7111, clock I can’t identify.

Wall

Seth Thomas “Spray” electric clock, Telechron “Kitchenguide” CH203.

Shelf below wall clocks

Telechron “Supervisor” 7H107, (clock partly shown) Telechron “Secretary” 7H91, Telechron “Cordial” 7H91, Telechron “Supervisor” 7H107, (clock partly shown) Telechron “Supervisor” 7H107.

Bottom shelf

Left – possibly an Ingraham electric mantel clock, Right –  Seth Thomas “Medbury – 2E” electric Westminster chime clock.

Thanks to Paul Hogroian for sending me this picture. It is from the FSA collection (Library of Congress), negative number LC-USW3- 001804-D.

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Westclox Big Ben Chime Alarm Movement Photos

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My son’s chime alarm needed some adjustments, and while the clock was opened up, I thought I’d try some quick close up photos with my digital camera. The camera was mounted on a tripod, manual focusing mode was used, no flash, illuminated by the ceiling and bench fluorescent lights. The self timer was used, to avoid any camera shake caused by pushing the button.

The movement is dated 11 50 (November 1950). It is beautifully nickel plated, as were many Westclox movements. This is the full image, resized from 3072 by 2304 pixels to 500 by 375 pixels for web display. It was sharpened with the Photoshop unsharp mask filter and displayed here at 40% JPEG quality:
Chime Alarm Movement

 

500 by 500 pixel portion of the image, converted to 40% JPEG quality in Photoshop:Chime Alarm Movement

Same as above with unsharp mask filter:Chime Alarm Movement

500 by 400 pixel portion of the image showing balance and spring, pallet fork and escape wheel:Chime Alarm Movement
Note: for better pictures a setup with floodlights and reflectors can be used. These photos show how good the photos can be using a very quick setup.


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